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Fisioterapia en el daño de un nervio

Salud Mar 26, 2019

Cuando se produce la el daño de un nervio periférico, los axones distales mueren, degenerándose los receptores sensoriales, la placa terminal y la fibra muscular esquelética.

La mayoría de las estructuras pueden estar sin inervación durante un año, después de ese tiempo es difícil que la recuperación axonal tenga éxito. Se pierde el control autónomo y propiceptivo que da lugar a piel atrófica, pérdida de vello y papilas, pobre respuesta a la temperatura y pérdida de grasa subcutánea.

La arquitectura del nervio nunca llega a la normalidad después de una sección, aunque algunas fibras nuevas se mielinizan, no consiguen las conexiones funcionales con los órganos terminales, motores o sensitivos.

Los objetivos fisioterápeuticos en la fisioterapia del sistema nevioso serán objetivos generales como aliviar el dolor, estimular la circulación para disminuir la incidencia de trastornos tróficos y la readaptación funcional para actividades de la vida diaria y laborales.

Los objetivos articulares serán mantener la movilidad articular para prevenir rigideces y anquilosis, prevenir y corregir deformaciones articulares mediante posiciones funcionales, movilizaciones pasivas y posiciones progresivas de corrección.

Los objetivos musculares se orientarán a

  • proteger los músculos paralizados y la piel anestesiada de lesiones
  • protegerlos de distensiones o acortamientos que se producen por fuerzas sin oposición, presiones y tensiones que pueden actuar desde fuera
  • mantener el tropismo en músculos dañados mediante el masaje, aplicación de calor y corrientes excitomotoras
  • facilitar el inicio de la contracción muscular, recuperar progresivamente la fuerza muscular.
  • Articulaciones
  • Fisioterapia
  • Lesiones
  • Movilidad articular
  • Músculos
  • Nervios
  • Sistema nervioso
  • Tratamiento de lesiones
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